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				Nov 03, 2025			
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                  INTEG 321 - Ptolemaic to Copernican Texts Upper Division
  Prerequisites  INTEG 121 ; Minimum grade C-. 
  Oral presentation and demonstration/explication of Ptolemy’s hypotheses on the apparent motion of the Sun, Moon, so-called fixed stars, and the visible planets (with Venus as the case in point), then of Copernicus’ alternative account; essay writing on the nature of astronomical understanding in Ptolemy and Copernicus.
  Repeatable  No
  Additional Notes  Previous course number: INTEG 133
  Course credits: 3
				  
 
   
			
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